Category Archives: Birth Activism

Help Launch the Sycamore Family Resource Center

Posted on May 21, 2012 | Leave a comment

I don’t often post requests for funding, but sometimes there are projects that just scream for support.  This project, the Sycamore Family Resource Center in Lincoln, Nebraska, is one of them.

On a personal level, the Sycamore Center so closely resembles one of my own frequent daydreams–a grassroots community space for folks to learn about and engage in the full spectrum of their reproductive health.  My fantasy is becoming a reality, and even though it’s hundreds of miles away in a city I’ve never been to, I’m psyched to help it grow from afar.

On a support-your-community level, one of the core organizers, Stephanie Dank, is (a) a badass and (b) one seriously energetic mama and reproductive rights advocate, who I trust to make the Sycamore Center everything it can be.

So, based on those two thoughts, I busted out a debit card today and supported their Indiegogo campaign.  I hope you will, too.

Here are some of the down-n-dirty details about the project:

Our goal is to create an inclusive space that offers a wide variety of resources to help empower our community in making choices along the full spectrum of their reproductive health.

Our goal is to create access to resources that support informed consent in every stage of life.

Our ultimate goal is to restore an age-old model of care- one where community family support is rewarded and sustained by that community.

Sycamore Center is founded on these ethics:

  • inclusivity
  • diversity
  • accessibility
  • sustainability

We are advocates of:

  • peaceful parenting & fearless birth
  • healthcare for all
  • evidence-based medicine & traditional healing
  • sex-positivity

We have some real opportunities to provide education to low-income and minority childbearing families (eventually adapting a program designed by the Nebraska Dept. of Health and Human Services to provide prenatal and postnatal education and advocacy based on the doula model of care).  We are currently expanding on our events to include support groups for fathers and people with postpartum depression, childbirth education classes, women’s health workshops, and more.

We’re starting the campaign to raise enough funds to incorporate with the State of Nebraska as well as file for tax exemption with the IRS (as a 501(c)3).  We’ve met with attorneys from MEEM Consultants for Creative Endeavors and they have generously agreed to donate half of the required services for us to file.

Here’s the breakdown:

  • $400 flat fee
  • $300 filing fe

It’s been recommended to us that it would be wise to have a bit of a cushion financially, which is why our fundraising goal exceeds our legal fees.  Our goal is to raise enough money to file by January 1, 2013.

In addition to achieving tax exemption, our fundraising goals will help support the growth of our lending library, the purchase of teaching aids, and the ever-present costs of printing materials such as flyers and brochures.

We are completely volunteer driven but are working toward a future in which we can create nonprofit sector jobs for birth workers and other professioals who are dedicated to creating safer and stronger communities.

Please join us.

 

→ Leave a comment

Posted in Birth Activism, Doula

Why was I afraid of a C-Section?

Posted on June 3, 2011 | 2 Comments

As a doula, I knew what I was up against when my homebirth turned into a hospital transfer.  To make things even worse, the on-call OB happened to be a Resident who had sent three of my birth doula clients to “emergency” c-sections that were absolutely not emergencies.

This photo and caption ran in the LA Times in April, and reminded me of why I'm so scared of ending up with a c-section.

When she walked in, we both recognized each other, and I was terrified.

Sometimes I look back and wonder why her presence made me so scared.  I am a powerful woman with a strong will and a lot of information.  So why be scared?

Because of articles like this one:  C-Sections are a Major Factor in Pregnancy-Related Deaths, Report Finds, published last month by the LA Times.

And because of pictures like the one here, which ran with the LA Times article.  I have a daughter just as young, innocent and beautiful as Matt Logelin’s, and I don’t want her to end up without a mother.

No, I’ve never known anyone who’s died from having a caesarean, or from any pregnancy-related complication, for that matter.  But the fear and the increased likelihood of something scary is still there, whether or not maternal mortality has ever touched my life.

So when that knife-happy, on-call OB walked into my room, it wasn’t her or her reputation or her bedside manner that scared me.  It was her judgment.  Her judgment that had resulted in at least three unnecessary c-sections in my presence.  Her judgment that thought that 12 hours was too long to be in labor and was dangerous for the baby.  Her judgment that placed moms under general anesthesia because they were emotionally distraught over their ‘emergency’ caesarean.

What terrified me was knowing that this OB didn’t take seriously that C-Sections are a Major Factor in Pregnancy-Related Deaths.

→ 2 Comments

Posted in Birth, Birth Activism, Doula

71% C-Section Rate at Hospital in Miami

Posted on June 1, 2011 | Leave a comment

When I spoke with Barbara Harper last week, she casually mentioned that one hospital in Miami-Dade County has a 73% overall caesaerean rate.  Uhmm, excuse me?

71% of Births are C-Sections at Kendall Regional Medical Center in Miami - Photo by Grendellion

I’m originally from Miami, and my partner and I flirt with the idea of moving our family back there one day.  So when I imagine being pregnant again, back home in the tropical circus that is South Florida, I keep getting a visual image of 73% flashing across my daydreams.  So I called Kendall Regional Medical Center.

The first nurse I spoke with was sincerely confused by my question about their caesarean rate.  She tried to explain to me what a c-section was, and eventually referred me to another nurse.

This second nurse explained that the hospital doesn’t actually have a caesarean rate, but rather the individual doctors do.  Absurd.  She also made sure to point out that, “Anywhere you go in Miami is going to be a high c-section rate.”  Awesome.

After persisting a bit about the hospital’s percentage of c-sections, nurse #2 admitted, “We know our doctors here who are quick to cut, and some who aren’t.”  She stated that some care providers at the hospital have individual rates of 5%, whereas some are 20%.  While I appreciated her effort to give me an answer, it didn’t jive at all with Barbara Harper’s mention of 73% or The Unnecessarean‘s published 2008 statistic of 71%. Continue reading →

→ Leave a comment

Posted in Birth, Birth Activism, Homebirth, Midwifery

FDA Returns Birth Pools, Warns ‘We’ll be back’

Posted on May 27, 2011 | 16 Comments

The seized birthing tubs have now theoretically been returned to their owners, but this fight is far from over.  Barbara Harper, author of Gentle Birth Choices and founder of Waterbirth International, outlined the situation to me this morning.

Is this birth tub a piece of medical equipment? Photo by BirtherSage

Two of the four major U.S. distributors of birth tubs have recently received warning letters from the FDA, thus halting their sales and shipments.  A shipping container of birth tubs was temporarily held at U.S. Customs in Portland, OR earlier this week, and underwent FDA inspection before being released to the distributors.

But Barbara says the FDA made it clear that even though the distributors were allowed to take their shipments to their own warehouses, the FDA is still in control of the property.  She says their attitude was, ‘We own it.  You can’t sell it, you can’t ship it.’  They came in, inspected and counted the birth tubs, and left with a ‘We’ll be back.’

An Attack on Birth Choices?

The public response to this story seems to have been either along the lines of ‘This is one more battle in the government’s war on water birth and birth choices in general,’ or ‘The FDA is just doing their jobs trying to protect birthing women from harm.’  Perhaps the reality is somewhere in the middle.

“If there is an effort to take away water birth,” Barbara explains, “We have to enlist the hospital midwives and obstetricians.  It’s not just about home birth,” since many hospitals are allowing water births these days, with some even using portable, inflatable birthing tubs such as the ones seized in this FDA fiasco.

If this situation truly turns out to be about eliminating water birth as a choice for pregnant women, Barbara adds, “How long do you think it’s going to be before they put yellow caution tape on every hospital bathtub?” Continue reading →

→ 16 Comments

Posted in Birth, Birth Activism, Doula, Homebirth, Midwifery

Tagged , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,

Birth Pools Seized by FDA in Portland, OR

Posted on May 26, 2011 | 46 Comments

According to Barbara Harper, author of Gentle Birth Choices and founder of Waterbirth International, the FDA has seized a shipping container of AquaBorn birthing pools at a dock in Portland, Oregon, and have ordered agents to “inspect and destroy.”

“They claim they are unregistered medical equipment, but they are not providing a way or means to get them registered. In other words, if the medical authorities can’t stop waterbirth, then just have the FDA take away the birth pools,” she explains in a lengthy discussion that began yesterday.

While birth pools are imported to Canada under the category “paddling pools” and some are imported here in the U.S. under the category “sitz baths,” they have no legal standing as medical equipment at this time.

Is this birth tub a piece of medical equipment?

But why would they?  They are often purchased or rented for personal use in private homes.  Barbara’s conversation with an FDA official may shed some light on this as a clash of perspectives.  She explains that she was told, “Pregnancy is an illness and birth is a medical event. Therefore, a pool that a woman gives birth in should be classified as medical equipment.”   So what about our toilets, our bathtubs, our showers?  Kiddie pools, horse troughs, hot tubs?  Oh, and what about the fact that pregnancy is *not* an illness?

What the FDA Wants

Martha Blackmore Althouse, owner and manager of Waterbirth Solutions in Beaverton, Oregon, has been interacting with attorneys and the FDA on the issue.  She explains:

The FDA is requiring a 510(k) – PreMarket Authorization – to be turned in for each Inflatable Birth Pool. The problem is that there is no Pre-existing Medical Device – “Predicate” – already approved by the FDA. Hence, potential of years of clinical trials and legal fees that can cost up to a million or more. Continue reading →

→ 46 Comments

Posted in Birth, Birth Activism, Doula, Midwifery

Tagged ,

Call for Research Participants: Full Spectrum & Radical Doulas

Posted on February 25, 2011 | 1 Comment

Below is my call for participants for an ethnographic research project on full spectrum doulas and radical doulas.  For more info or to participate, contact laurel@cuntastic.org or (970) 210-7156.  Please distribute!

_________________________________________________

Dear Doulas,

My name is Laurel Ripple Carpenter, and I am conducting research on doulas who are expanding their identity and practice to encompass pregnancy outcomes other than birth, including abortion, stillbirth, miscarriage, and adoption. 

I am looking to interview people involved in this movement, often called ‘full spectrum doulas’ or ‘radical doulas.’  Participants should be doulas who are either currently practicing, have practiced in the past, or are in training, and who identify as radical, pro-choice, or as a part of the full spectrum doula community.  Certification status, geographical location and other characteristics are not of particular concern.

I am asking participants to join me for a one hour interview via Skype video chat.  The interview will be recorded and used as data for a short ethnography in Spring 2011, and then expanded into a thesis length ethnography in 2012-2013.  The work may be published in various forms in the future.  If material from your interview is used in the ethnography, you will be given a pseudonym.

This research is part of my work for a degree in the Anthropology of Reproduction at Burlington College, in consortium with faculty at Mesa State College.  You can learn more about me here, and contact me directly at laurel@cuntastic.org or (970) 210-7156 to participate.

I look forward to meeting you!

Laurel Ripple Carpenter, CD(DONA), PES

→ 1 Comment

Posted in Abortion, Birth Activism, Doula, Feminism, Full Spectrum Doula Work, Reproductive Health

Tagged , , ,

The ‘Placenta Liberation Front’…an Army of Egalitarian Placenta Crafters

Posted on February 8, 2011 | 4 Comments

In this world of price tags and dollar signs, the Placenta Liberation Front is a creative, refreshing perspective on the age old practice of placenta medicine–or what Phoenix midwife Shell Walker refers to as “placenta crafting.”

So what’s so liberating about placenta crafting?

First of all, Shell offers FREE placenta encapsulation training.  That’s a radical departure from the online training courses in the US and UK that charge hundreds of dollars, or the hard-to-find, real live training workshops that charge the big bucks, too.

Second of all, Shell views placenta knowledge as a commonly shared resource that should be accessible to everyone, rather than copyrighted, trademarked and patented.

In fact, the only thing she asks of her placenta students is that they pay it forward.  In exchange for receiving her free training, she asks students to commit to providing 5 free placenta encapsulations over the next year, take a refresher class after a year, and subsequently train at least one other person in placenta encapsulation within a years time.

Shell’s intentions and the way that she frames placenta work seem to come from a deeply wholistic perspective.  She advocates for a method of placenta work “that speaks to the subtle essence of placenta crafting.”

When are the hands better than a knife?
When are bare hands better than gloves?
When is mortar and pestle better than an electric grinder?
And what of our intentions, our thoughts, our connections, our sacred breath and their contribution to the process?
For these reasons and more, I would love to see the art and soul of placenta crafting preserved and passed from hand to hand.  Live and in person.
This is my contribution to that end
100 newly trained placenta crafters by the end of 2012
Free of commerce
Free of discrimination
Free of territories
Free of market control
Free of price setting
Full  of knowledge
Full  of care
Full  of consideration
Full  of love

Imagine an army of egalitarian placenta crafters, armed with a mortar & pestle and size 00 gel caps!  Marching forward into the birth world, spreading placenta knowledge wherever they go.

I look forward to keeping track of the Placenta Liberation Front, and this new direction for the lineage of placenta knowledge.

→ 4 Comments

Posted in Birth Activism, Placenta Medicine

Tagged , , , , , , ,

Mamas of Color Rising…and Rising and Rising!

Posted on January 26, 2011 | Leave a comment

The momentum over at Mamas of Color Rising makes me tired just reading about them!

They host a monthly potluck & clothing swap, they fundraise like crazy–I’ve heard their homemade empanadas are worth every penny–and it seems they know how to throw a mean benefit party.

But their most exciting endeavor?  The Sister Doula Training, wherein they’ll train 20 women of color to become certified doulas.

This is one part of our current campaign around access to equality in birthing and prenatal care for women of color. This training will be a first step in implementing a women of color doula and birth support project here in Austin, TX.

Sending Mamas of Color Rising some solidarity and love from the Rocky Mountains!

→ Leave a comment

Posted in Activism, Birth Activism, Midwifery, Oppression

Tagged , , ,

The Contradictions of Mama-Assisted Caesarean

Posted on January 5, 2011 | 1 Comment

It may seem contradictory, but the idea of the ‘natural caesarean’ is creeping its way into delivery rooms across the globe.  Is this a step toward empowered birth, or will it further encourage the already rising caesarean rate?

Is this just another Jedi mind trick that encourages the PERCEPTION of an improved birth experience, rather than ACTUALLY improving it?

This mama–a midwife herself–reached in and pulled her new baby out of her own uterus during her “assisted caesarean.”

There are obvious ways that this procedure benefits the family–the parents are the first to touch the baby, the mama is awake, alert and participatory, and the overall tone and feeling of the birth experience is likely to be more positive and attentive, avoiding all the random operating room chatter about golf games and the like. 

But again, the majority of these are really changes in perception and in the psychological & emotional experience, rather than an actual change in birth outcome.  Babies born by “assisted caesarean” will still experience the same outcomes as those born by the regular good ole knife.  And mamas birthing this way are still undergoing major abdominal surgery and facing weeks of serious recovery time.

And there are contradictions in the framing of the assisted caesarean.  Dr. Chris Gunnell, who’s performed the procedure in Australia, stated, “We need to be very clear that this is not a good alternative to a vaginal birth; the caesarean section rate is very high.”

And yet the International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology’s article  The natural cesarean: a woman-centered technique specifically describes the procedure as “a technique for straightforward elective caesareans in healthy women with non-compromised singleton fetuses at term.”

Contradictory, yes.  And interesting and complex.  I’m looking forward to seeing how this develops, and how the birth culture responds to it.

Also check out these articles:

→ 1 Comment

Posted in Birth, Birth Activism, Doula, Pregnancy

Tagged , , ,

this is THE conference to be at. see you there!

Posted on December 17, 2010 | 2 Comments

The annual conference ‘From Abortion Rights to Social Justice: Building the Movement for Reproductive Freedom’ is the closest thing to a major radical reproductive rights conference out there.  I suspect that a good number of you have already been to it before, and I’ll be there in April 2011.  Come! 

Every year 1,000+ reproductive health advocates gather for an Abortion Speakout, plus workshops on incredible topics like:

  • Expanding the Doula Model of Care: Training and Being Abortion Doulas
  • Abortion Care
  • Abortion Access Internationally 
  • Abortion Funding and Access in the U.S. 
  • Mothers Among Us 
  • Empowering Birth 
  • Politics of Family Creation 
  • Healthcare for All
  • Translating the Gender Landscape: Creating Awareness and Activism 
  • Trans Feminism
  • Beyond the Gender Binary: A Trans 101
  • Blogging for Reproductive Justice
  • Self-Help/Self-Exams
  • Demystifying Reproductive Health
  • International Reproductive Rights Roundtable 
  • Organizing for Health Care Access

These workshops are from last year, but this year’s schedule promises to be even more ridiculously great–it’s the conference’s 30th anniversary.  It’s hosted by the Civil Liberties & Public Policy program at Hampshire College in Amherst, MA. 

The real kicker is that this amazing event is free.  Yeah, I said free.  So, no cost for the conference, plus a bunch of meals are included, plus free transportation around the area, means this is probably one of the most accessible (as well as the most fly) conferences around. 

So join me!  Come and share and learn and grow and network!  Who’s in?

→ 2 Comments

Posted in Abortion, Activism, Birth, Birth Activism, Doula, Feminism, Gender, Oppression, Pregnancy, Queer & Transgender Activism

Tagged , , ,

Supporting Trans Folks in the Childbearing Year

Posted on November 13, 2010 | Leave a comment

One of the growing areas of interest (and need) for doula support is the birthing population of trans folks.  This great post from RHRealityCheck.org discusses the specific needs of transmen during conception, pregnancy and birth, but there’s a serious lack of resources for both the transfolk experiencing the childbearing year, AND the care prodivers (doulas, in this case) looking to support them.

The list below is from the new Resources page at the Full Spectrum Doula Network.  The page is private and only openable by FSDN members, so I wanted to go ahead and make the list of resources available to you, too.  The info below provides a wealth of information for and about the birthing trans community:

Many, many thanks to Abigail, Danny, and everyone else who contributed to compiling this list!  And it’s only a beginning…

→ Leave a comment

Posted in Activism, Birth, Birth Activism, Doula, Pregnancy, Queer & Transgender Activism

Tagged , , , , , , , , , , , , ,

Ina May Gaskin’s Keynote Address

Posted on October 15, 2010 | Leave a comment

I want to share some highlights from Ina May Gaskin’s keynote address this morning at the 2010 MANA Conference.  And by the way, she’s hilarious!

She was discussing her own history, and referenced the 1970′s school bus caravan that launched her midwifery career:

“That trip where Steven went, ‘Y’all come on with us.  Ya gotta get off welfare, ya can’t deal.  Paint your bus nice, don’t be scary.”

Which naturally led to a story about legal troubles in Oregon, and having to leave a ‘grandmother sized’ peyote button behind.  To this day she wonders what happened to that enormous hunk of peyote.

She discussed the current state of over-professionalism of medicine, to the point where empathy and compassion have all but disappeared.  She described in depth the old practices of ‘family doctors,’ who thoroughly cared for generations of families.

“I’m so sorry about what happened to medicine.  And I think midwifery is going to help them get back to that.”

She also went into the history of medicine and the lack of true understanding of women’s bodies that doctors seem to have.

“We’ve gotta teach medicine about oxytocin.  Not the kind that comes in a vial, but the kind that flows in your body.”

I also loved hearing her talk about how someone had to actually convince her mother that Ina May was not disgracing the family by becoming a midwife.  It’s mindblowing to me to think of midwifery as anything but honoring.

→ Leave a comment

Posted in Birth, Birth Activism, Doula, Homebirth, Midwifery

Tagged ,

Announcing the Full Spectrum Doula Network!

Posted on October 10, 2010 | Leave a comment

There are unique challenges to being pro-choice, feminist, queer, or a person of color in a doula world that is predominantly none of those things. FullSpectrumDoulas.com seeks to change that!

This website is a brand new online networking community for Full Spectrum Doulas and Radical Doulas. Create a profile (don’t worry, it’s all free!) and take a look around–there are forums, blogs, photos, videos, and event announcements, all filled with engaging information.  From critical analysis of the state of reproductive health care, to processing and debriefing from your experiences as a doula, to weekly blogs on placenta medicine and herbs for reproductive health.  FullSpectrumDoulas.com is the place to develop your understanding of doula support and create community with other radical reproductive health advocates.

The intent of FullSpectrumDoulas.com is to create a safe space to share insight and experiences of our work within the whole continuum of reproductive health care. This site also serves to build community within the radical doula movement, embracing the diversity of our own personal identities as doulas and reproductive health advocates.

Let’s get this radical doula party started!  Check out the website, and consider doing the following:

1) Post about yourself in the ‘Introductions’ forum
2) Add yourself to the ‘Member Map’
3) Upload Photos & Videos - of your amazing birth experience, you with clients, your volunteer doula group doing a training, etc.
4) Comment on or add a Blog Post
5) MOST IMPORTANTLY, Participate in a few discussions in the Forums, or post a couple new ones, etc.  This is where the real action is!
6) Join or start a Group
7) Add Events

Please disseminate this announcement far & wide!  Forward, re-post, blog about it, and join us on Facebook.

FSDN’s current sponsor is Confluence Media Collective, an independent radical publisher.  We need more sponsors!  For a $30 donation, sponsors have their ad/logo and link placed on the site for a month.  Please consider sponsoring this fantastic community resource.

www.FullSpectrumDoulas.com

→ Leave a comment

Posted in Abortion, Activism, Birth, Birth Activism, Doula, Feminism, Full Spectrum Doula Work, Homebirth, Midwifery, Placenta Medicine, Pregnancy, Queer & Transgender Activism

Tagged , , , , , , , ,

Getting Ready for the MANA 2010 Conference

Posted on September 27, 2010 | Leave a comment

I’m super blessed this year with an opportunity to attend the 2010 Midwives of North America Conference, where I’ll get to network with hundreds of midwives and birth workers from all over the world. 

MANA 2010 Conference: Returning to Our Roots, Sowing Seeds for Our Future

This year’s conference is being held in October in Nashville, just miles from The Farm, and features a roast of Ina May Gaskin and the Farm midwives, hosted by Ricki Lake.

Yes, you read that right–a roast of Ina May Gaskin. 

This’ll be my first time at an event with her, and  I fully expect it to be an hilarious and historic night.  There’ll even be a cash bar serving “midwife concoctions,” and every time I read that in the event materials, all I can think of is a bunch of ladies with a witches brew pot, stirring together some amniotic fluid and castor oil.

Workshops & talks I’m especially psyched about:

  • Screening of the new documentary film Guerilla Midwife
  • Disaster Relief Midwifery with Robim Lim, CPM
  • Women’s History of Medicine and Midwifery with Ina May Gaskin, CPM
  • Trauma, Discrimination and What Makes People Choose Homebirth with Mickey Sperlich, CPM
  • Midwifery as Artisinal Work with Barbara Katz Rothman, PhD
  • Big Bad Wolf with Robbie Davis-Floyd, PhD
  • What Really Matters: Memoirs of 25 American Midwives with Geradine Simkins, CNM
  • Placenta, the 8th Chakra with Robin Lim, CPM

I’m considering live-blogging from the roast, but we’ll see what happens.  Whether live or not, I’ll definitely be blogging about the roast and the workshops I attend, and all the mindblowingly fantastic experiences I’m guaranteed to have.  And I hope to get a chance to see The Farm while I’m there, too.

I owe a huge shout out of love and appreciation to the amazing Robbie Davis-Floyd for helping make this trip possible, and for being insanely great.  Thanks Robbie!

→ Leave a comment

Posted in Birth, Birth Activism, Doula, Homebirth, Midwifery

Tagged , ,

Solidarity with Black Midwives

Posted on September 13, 2010 | Leave a comment

From the folks over at SQUAT: An Anarchist Birth Journal, here’s an opportunity to stand in solidarity with Black midwives.  Please read on and donate if you can to support women of color struggling in the white-led birthing world.  Please feel free to forward widely, post on Facebook, etc…

Dearest Community,

As many of you know, I just recently graduated from Maternidad La Luz (MLL), a midwifery school and clinic in El Paso, Texas that serves primarily women and families from Juarez, Mexico. During my 18-months of training, I came to understand that both MLL and powerful sectors of the midwifery community in the U.S. are white-dominated and currently lack a meaningful analysis around white supremacy and
anti-racism.

I also came to meet two amazing midwives and dear friends during my time at MLL, Andrea and Kennasha. They are the only midwives of color on staff, and thus hold unique positions at the clinic full of challenge and ripe with potential. In early October is a very exciting opportunity for them to attend the 7th International Black Midwives & Healers Conference: Weaving the Cultural Traditions of Midwifery. They believe that this 3-day conference would provide them with strength, inspiration, and tools to continue the amazing care and teaching they are providing at MLL, as well as a special opportunity to connect with other folks of color who are also engaged in the beauty and struggle of midwifery.

I’m reaching out to people in my community who I know care deeply about anti-racism, reproductive justice, and midwifery. I am writing to ask that you donate to raise money towards Kennasha and Andrea’s registration fee and the cost of gas to Los Angeles and back Continue reading →

→ Leave a comment

Posted in Birth, Birth Activism, Midwifery, Oppression

Tagged , , , ,